Ludruk
Ludruk is one of the easterlies Javanese art is very well known, namely the stage of art that generally all players are male. Currently traditional ludruk groups can be found in the area of Surabaya, Mojokerto, Jombang and, despite being increasingly defeated by modernization.
Ludruk is a traditional play that was exhibited by an arts group in gelarkan disebuah took the stage with stories about everyday people's lives, stories of struggle and many others are interspersed with jokes and accompanied by the gamelan as a musical. Dialogue / monologue in ludruk are entertaining and make the audience laugh, using language typical of Surabaya, although sometimes there are guest stars from other areas such as Jombang, Malang, Madura, Madiun with a different accent. The plain language used in ludruk, making him easily absorbed by the non-intellect (pedicab driver, patrolman, angkotan driver, etc). A regular gig started with Dance ludruk Remo and interspersed with memerakan staging a character "Mr. Sakera", a master of Madura.
Ludruk History:
In 1994, the group lived 14 ludruk tour group only. They play in the
rural villages that do not yet have electricity at the rate of USD 350. This group is supported by 50. 60 men players. Their income is very minimal, namely: USD 1500 s / d 2500 per night. When the show deserted, was forced to take the cash money to be able to eat in the village.
When James L Peacok (1963-1964) conducted research in Surabaya ludruk recorded as many as 594 groups. According to the Department of Education East Java province, after the year 1980 increased to 789 group (84/85), 771 group (85/86), 621 group (86/87) and 525 (8788). Suwito HS, artists from Malang ludruk say no more than 500 group because many members of the group which has a membership of up to five groups.
The results Suripan Hutomo Sadi, according to the dictionary Woordenboek javanansch Nederduitssch Gencke and T Roorda's work (1847), Ludruk means Grappermaker (badutan). Another source states ludruk means women dancers and comedians badhut meaning in the work Poerwadarminta WJS, Bpe Literature (1930). While according Wojowasito S. (1984) that the word already known by the public badhut east Java since the year 760 AD in the kingdom with its king Gjayana Kanyuruhan Malan, a dance artist who left a temple Badhut memories.
Ludruk not shaped just like that, but having a long metamorphosis. We do not have sufficient data to reconstruct a so long time, but you Hendricus Supriyanto mencoba set berdasarkan sumber persons who masih hidup sampai 1988, that ludruk sebagai rakyat dimulai theater in 1907, by a pack of desa Santik Ceweng, Jombang district kabupaten teased.
Starting from the arts ngamen containing simple lyric poetry and wasps, pak pak Santik friends with Pono and Mr. Amir traveled from village to village. Pak Pono wearing women's clothes and face makeup streak streaks to appear funny. From where the audience gave birth to the word. Wong Iorek .. Due to variations in the language of the word changed to the word Lerok Iorek.
Lerok Besud Period (1920. 1930)
Art that comes from these ngamen audience acclaim. In the development which is often invited to fill out the wedding ceremony and the other party of the people.
The next show there are changes that were served primarily at the event. At the beginning of the event held a ritual ceremony. An offering was a tribute to the four directions or four winds direction, then the new shows are held. The main players wearing the red hat of Turkey, without or wearing long-sleeved white shirt and black pants Stelan. From here berkembalah acronym Mbekta arinya intention to bring purpose, which eventually became lerok relabel lerok besutan.
Lerok and Ludruk Period (1930-1945)
Period lerok besut thrives in 1920-1930, after that time, many emerging ludruk in east Java. Ludruk own terms is determined more by the people who've broken the terms lerok. Name ludruk lerok and continue side by side since the appearance until the year 1955, further supporting the community and artists tend to choose ludruk.
Contemporaneous with the period of struggle dr Soetomo in the political field who founded the Indonesian Party festival, in 1933 founded the summit Durasim Ludruk Oraganizatie (LO). This is a pioneering Ludruk ludruk staging a play and be very famous courage in criticizing both the Dutch and the Japanese government.
Ludruk at this time serves as a tool of entertainment and enlightenment to the people, by the players ludruk players are used to convey messages to the preparation of Independence, with a peak event in July which caused kidungan Jula become a legend in the whole group Ludruk in Indonesia, namely: Bekupon Omahe Doro, Nipon Melok Soyo Sengsoro., cak Durasim friends and comrades were arrested and imprisoned by the Japanese.
Ludruk Independence Period (1945-1965)
Ludruk at this time serves as a tool of entertainment and enlightenment to the people, to convey the message of development messages. In this period the famous Ludruk is Marhaen owned Indonesian Communist Party. Therefore not surprising that the PKI was easily influence the people, which is used as a funnel ludruk PKI to do fundraising period for the purpose pembrontakan. Madison event in 1948 and G-30 S 1965 is the culmination of the hypocrisy of the PKI.
Ludruk actually get a place in the people of East Java. There are two very famous ludruk groups namely: Ludruk Marhaen and Ludruk tresna Enggal.
Marhaen Ludruk never played at the Palace of the country until the 16th time, this shows how close the artists ludruk with the decision makers in this country. It also had the opportunity Ludruk entertaining fighters to retake Irian Jaya, Trikora II B who received awards from the commander of the Mandala (Soeharto). This Ludruk more towards the left so that when the incident happened Ludruk G 30 S PKI was dissolved.
Post Ludruk Period G 30 S PKI (1965. For now)
Events G30S PKI really memperak perandakan Ludruk group group mainly affiliated to the People's Cultural Institution PKI.Terjadi vacuum between 1965-1968. After that comes the new policy regarding group ludruk groups in East Java. Melting ludruk coordinated by the Armed Forces in this case DAM UB VIII of this melting process occurred between the years 1968 to 1970.
1. Ex-Ludruk marhaen in Surabaya Wijaya Kusuma was merged into the unit I ludruk
2. Ex-Ludruk Anogara Malang Ludruk merged into Unit II Wijaya Kusuma
3. Ex-Ludruk Uril A Malang merged into Ludruk Wijaya Kusuma III unit, guided Korem 083 Baladika Jaya Malang
4. Ex-Ludruk Tresna merged into ludruk Enggal Surabaya Wijaya Kusuma IV units
5. Ex-film star in Kediri Ludruk merged into Ludruk Kusuma V units
In various regions ludruk ludruk fostered by the Armed Forces, until 1975. Afterward they returned to the group ludruk independent artists to present.
With the bitter experience never felt due to this art, long Ludruk surface does not appear as an overall figure of Art. In this period ludruk truly become a tool of entertainment. So that the younger generation that did not go into history will recognize as a group ludruk theatrical buffoonery.
